Dry heaths vary in their flora and fauna according to climate, and are also influenced by altitude, aspect, soil conditions (especially base-status and drainage), maritime influence, and grazing and burning intensity. Stands of H7 Calluna – Scilla heath on moorland near the sea conform to European dry heaths, but most examples, together with stands of H8d Calluna – Ulex heath, Scilla verna sub-community on sea cliffs, are referable to 1230 Vegetated sea cliffs of the Atlantic and Baltic coasts. Most forms of H1 Calluna – Festuca heath belong within the European dry heaths category, including those rare occurences of the Carex arenaria sub-community (H1d) on inland dune systems such as Breckland but this sub-community is more usually found on the coast, when is referable to 2150 Atlantic decalcified fixed dunes. For example, dry heath vegetation on deep peat is regarded as bog, while alpine forms of the last five types listed above (found at high elevations and in northern latitudes around and above the presumed natural tree-line) are referable to Annex I type 4060 Alpine and Boreal heaths. Not all forms of these communities are European dry heaths. H21 Calluna vulgaris – Vaccinium myrtillus – Sphagnum capillifolium heath.H18 Vaccinium myrtillus – Deschampsia flexuosa heath. H16 Calluna vulgaris – Arctostaphylos uva-ursi heath.H12 Calluna vulgaris – Vaccinium myrtillus heath.H10 Calluna vulgaris – Erica cinerea heath.H9 Calluna vulgaris – Deschampsia flexuosa heath.H8 Calluna vulgaris – Ulex gallii heath.H7 Calluna vulgaris – Scilla verna heath.H4 Ulex gallii – Agrostis curtisii heath.H3 Ulex minor – Agrostis curtisii heath.H1 Calluna vulgaris – Festuca ovina heath.Twelve NVC types in Britain meet the definition of this habitat type: Most dry heaths are managed as extensive grazing for livestock or, in upland areas, as grouse moors. Nearly all dry heath is semi-natural, being derived from woodland through a long history of grazing and burning. or bell heather Erica cinerea, though other dwarf-shrubs are important locally. The most common is heather Calluna vulgaris, which often occurs in combination with gorse Ulex spp., bilberry Vaccinium spp. Ericaceous dwarf-shrubs dominate the vegetation. Description and ecological characteristicsĮuropean dry heaths typically occur on freely-draining, acidic to circumneutral soils with generally low nutrient content.
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